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(No Model.) 6 Sheets'-Sheet 1.

E. .J. S-ILKMAN. BLEGTRIG TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

\ No. 448,271. 7 Patented'Mar. 17,1891.

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6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. J. SILKMAN. ELEGTRIGYTYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 448,271. Patented Mar. 17, 1891.

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(No Model.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 3. E. J. SILKMAN.

ELECTRIC TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

No. 448,271. Patented Mar. 1'7, 1891.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

E. J; SILKMAN. ELECTRIC TYPE WRITING MACHINE. No. 448,271. Patented Mar. 17,1891.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 5.

E. J. SILKMAN. ELEGTRIG TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

No. 448,271. Patented Mar. 17, 1891.

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6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(No Model.)

B. J. SILKMAN. ELECTRIC TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

Patented Mar. 17, 1891.

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ED\VARD J. SILKMAN, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR OF TlVO- THIRDS TO GEORGE D. PENNIMAN AND THOMAS K. \VORTHINGTON,

BOTH OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 448,271, dated March 17, 1891.

Application filed April 7, 1890, Serial No. 346,944. (No model.)

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Be it known that I, EDWARD J. SILKMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Baltimore city, in the State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Type-Writers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention more especially relates to type-writing machines of a class in which the actuating of a key throws into operation mechanism driven by electro magnetism, which automatically brings the proper letter into correct position, prints it, and successively imparts the necessary feeding, spacing, and reverse movements of the apparatus so as to print the page.

The object of my invention is to secure a simple, efficient, and easily-manipulated machine, together with other advantages hereinafter set forth.

To carry out the objects of my invention, I preferably arrange the characters, figures, letters, and other symbols employed upon the perimeter of a type-wheel in proper sequence, with the small letters interspaced between the capitals. This type-wheel turns with and slides freely endwise upon a shaft having its bearings in a frame traversing a short distance in bearings on the main frame, so as to cause the type-wheel to reciprocate relatively to the paper-carrying roller. Gears on the type-wheel shaft mesh with racks on another frame havinga greater range of reciprocation in bearings on the main frame. hen a key is depressed it closes the circuit through actuating mechanism, which draws a reciprocating frame forward, at the same time rotating the wheel to bring the corresponding letter into proper position for printing, and automatically locking it in that position by suitable mechanism. The frame having the greatest reciprocation carries at its forward end a stop-plate oblique or inclined to its lincof movement and provided with notches corresponding with stops connected with the finger-keys, which stops are arranged transversely across the machine, so that the range of reciprocation of the frame varies with the key actuated, thus causing the type-wheel to rotate a greateror less distance correspond I front, the printing end the back.

.ortion of the machine on the ri ht of a er-, P b

the usualoperatmg ingly, bringing the desired letter into correctposition for printing. The abutting of the stop plate against the stop thus thrown athwart its line of movement shoves it against a yielding bar connected with a swinging stop which interlocks with the type-wheel and holds it securely while the printing is taking place. \Vhen the frame retracts, the stop resumes its normal position, and, after printing, the type-wheel is released by automatic mechanism, so as to be free to turn to bring the next character into its proper position. The type-wheel and its automatic stop are connected with a frame movable laterally by means of an intermittently movable screwshaft, which turns during the forward movement of the type-wheel, so as to feed it the proper distance to form the next letter.

The subject matter claimed is hereinafter specified.

The accompanying drawings represent so much of a machine embodying all my improvements as is necessary to illustrate this subject-matter. Some of these improvements, however, may be used without the others, and in machines differing somewhat in their organization and operation from the parts herein shown, which parts, unless otherwise speci fied, may be of usual construction.

The key-board end of the machine I call the son facing the key-board position-J call the right, the opposite the left The short unfeathered darts on the sectionlines indicate the direction in which the s pectator is supposed to be looking. The corresponding darts on the machine indicate the direction of movement of the corresponding parts.

The solid unfeathered arrowsiudicate the electric circuit through the rear type-wheel carriage, actuating magnets, or solenoids. The similar dotted arrows indicate the circuit through the corresponding front solenoids. The solid feathered arrows indicate the circuit through the front printing-magnets, the dotted ones that through the rear printing-magnets.

That

The broken lines in Figure 1 indicate circuit-connections hidden by other mechanism.

Fig. 1 represents a plan or top view of the entire apparatus in its normal position-that is, just after having printed a character. Fig. 2 shows a vertical longitudinal section therethrough on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1, looking to the right. Fig. 3 shows a similar section through the upper part of the machine on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1, also looking to the right. Fig. 4 shows a vertical transverse section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1, looking backward. Fig. 5 is a plan or top view of the type-wheel and its carrying-frame detached; and Fig. 6, a side elevation thereof, omitting the wheel. Fig. 7 is a plan view of the type-wheel'operating frame and key stop-bar detached. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic side view illustrating the electrical and mechanical connections of the key-levers, typewheel, and locking devices. Fig. 9 shows a detail view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of one of thetypewheels or key-stops in its forward position, Fig. 8 showing the corresponding parts in their normal or backward position. Fig. 10 shows a detail plan view of some of the parts shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the type-wheel locking-clutch or dog, and Fig. 12 a detail sectional view transverse to this dog and a portion of the typewheel. Fig. 13 represents diagrammatically a vertical longitudinal section, illustrating the details of the mechanism for changing the throw of the type-wheel to change from capitals to small letters; and Fig. It is a diagrammatic plan view of the electrical circuits.

All the mechanism is shown as mounted in or upon a main frame A, having suitable bearings, brackets, and guides therefor. The characters, figures, letters, or symbols are arranged'on the periphery of a type-wheel B, with the capitals and small letters preferably alternating, for a reason hereinafter explained. A series of notches 7L2 in the side of the type-wheel receive a locking-dog H, hereinafter described. The type -wheel is carried by a collar or sleeve 1) turning with but capable of sliding freely endwise on a shaft B, mounted in bearing-screws b in a carriage or frame B reciprocating longitudinally on guides B B on the main frame.

The bearing-screws admit of the ready removal of the type-wheel and its shaftv Gears b on the type-wheel shaft engage with racks c on atype-wheel-actuating frame 0, provided with guides c traversing the type-wheel carriage and having a greater range of reciprocation than that carriage. Laterally-projecting arms c on the rear end of this carriage carry rods (Z, on which the armature-cores of the type-wheel-actuating magnets or solenoids D D D D are mounted. These solenoids are shown as arranged parallel with. each other and with the line of reciprocation of the type-wheel on opposite sides of the machine near its upper part, so as to secure direct connection with the type-wheel-actuatin g frame reciprocated by them. shown as arranged in pairs end to end, so that one armature-core serves for each pair of solenoids, and the cores are attracted by the solenoids, so as to move the frames with which they are connected in alternately-opposite directions as the current is shifted from one set of solenoids to the other. In .the normal position shown in the drawings the circuit is through the rear solenoids D D. \Vhen it is shifted through the front solenoids D D', the type-wheel-actuating frame 0 moves forward, while the type-wheel carriage B remains stationary. The racks c consequently rotate the gears b on the type- Wheel' shaft and turn the type-wheel. In order, however, to adapt the machine to print any characters desired, a stop-plate C is mounted on the front end of the type-wheelactuating frame 0 obliquely to its line of movement and is provided on its front edge with notches 0 one for each character on the type-wheel.

The usual finger-keys are arranged in any desired order at the front of the machine, a preferred arrangement for a special purpose being hereinafter indicated. A key-lever E on the left-hand of the key-board controls the printing of capitals. A corresponding key-lever E on the opposite or right-hand side of thekey-board controls the mechanism for releasing the type-wheel and retractingit to begin a new line and simultaneously feeding the paper correspondingly. The ordinary key-levers E E &c., for printing the characters are shown as arranged horizontally and parallel with each other and as rocking on a common axis 6.

In order to print several letters or short words rapidly by simultaneously depressing the necessary key-levers, the letters are arranged on the key-board from left to right, for a reason hereinafter apparent. For instance, Fig. 1 shows a key-board so arranged that the letters IV A S run from left to right, also the letters I N, while those A N D and T H E run from rear to front, though their levers run from left to right. The keylevers corresponding with any of these words can consequently be depressed simultaneously and be successively rapidly printed on the machine, as will be hereinafter explained. Each key-lever carries astop-arni F, rocking vertically on apivot f in a plane parallel with the key-lever and movable endwise vertically in a transverse guideway F on the main frame wide enough to admit of a rocking or yielding motion of the stop-arm. Each stop-arm has steps f f on its head F,the lowerone of which when the stop is elevated normally resting on the rear edge of the guideway F while the upper one f at the proper time engages with the corresponding notch on the stop-plate C. Springs f connected with the lower end of the stop-arm F, tend to hold their upper ends They are also IIO in their extreme backward positions and to hold the key-levers in their usual horizontal position. As a consequence of this organiza tion, when a key is struck the rear end of its lever is lifted and its corresponding stop-arm elevated into the position shown by the dotted lines in Fig. Sthat is to say, with the second step f resting on the upper rear bar of theguideway. The type-wheel-operating frame now advances until the proper notch c of the oblique bar 0' abuts against this stop, at which moment the relation of the parts is such that the character corresponding with the key pressed is presented by the wheel to the impression -cylinder. As the stops all lie in the same vertical plane across the machine, while the corresponding steps of the stop-arm are at gradually-increasing distances therefrom in a horizontal plane, it follows that the range of movement of the type-wheel-actnating carriage varies corr espondingly with each letter. When the stopplate 0 abuts against the stop-arm F, its projecting edge underlies the upper step f and forces the arm forward from the position shown in the dotted lines in Fig. 8 to that shown in Fig. 9. As the stop-arm moves forward it abuts against a cross-bar g, which I call a shifter-bar, uniting two levers G, pendent from and swinging on another cross bar g near the upper end of the frame. Each of these levers G in turn is connected by a pivoted link G with a corresponding arm G, rocking on a pivot g on the frame and normally held in a backward position by a spring g The arms G are united at top by a cross bar 9*. This cross-bar is embraced by the forks 7L of an elbowlever II, rocking horizontally on a vertical pivot h on the frame and carrying a rearwardly-projecting arm 11', which at proper intervals enters the recesses 7L2 in the side of the type-wheel, thus constituting a dog or clutch for steadying the typewheel or looking it in position while the characteris being printed. The arm H is tapered or beveled, as shown, so that at first it readily finds its way into the notches, and afterward, as the wheel is moved toward the impression-roller, the wider part of the arm completely fills a notch and holds the wheel steady. Set-screws f" serve to adjust the width of the guideway F and thus control the extent of rotation of the type-wheel by limiting the rearward movement of the shifter-bar When the forward movement of the type-wheel-operati n g frame 0 is thus stopped and the type-wheel locked, the circuits through all the solenoids and the front printing-magnets are broken and the circuit is closed through the rear printing-magnets PI The armaturet of these magnetsis mounted on an upright lever 1 rocking vertically on a pivot i" in alongitudinal plane parallel to the line of movement of the type wheel. The upper end of this lever enters a loopj on a radius-bar J, rocking horizontally on a pivot j on the lefthand side of the machine and connected by a link-rod J, pivoted to its free end, with the rocking pawl 76 of the ratchet 7t on a spurwheel K meshing with a spur-gear K on a screw-shaft L, which controls the lateral feed of the type-wheel, as hereinafter described. Before doing this, however, I will recur to the means for reciprocating the type-wheel to print a character. The rocking armature-arm 1, above mentioned, is connected by a loop 2' with the type-wheel carriage B so that when this armature-lever moves backward it shoves this carriage before it and prints the character. As soon as this is done the circuit is restored through the frontmagnets I I and the carriage drawn forward.

I will now describe the means for moving the type-wheel laterally to space the characters. A block M slides freely endwise on the screw-shaft L, above mentioned. A forked rearwardly-extending arm on tits in a groove in the collar 1) of the type-wheel, thus connecting it with this block. A forward extension or plate M. connects this block M with a slide M movable endwise on a rock-shaft N. An arm a, capable of sliding freely on the rockshaft and movable around its bearings in the slide M is provided with a tail-piece traversing a longitudinal groove in the rock-shaft, so that the arm n can turn both with and move laterally on the rock-shaft correspondingly with the type'wheel and traversing block M. That portion of the arm n which overlaps the screw shaft L is correspondingly screwthreaded and normally held in contact therewith by a spring a, so as to cause the typewheel and block M to traverse step bystep to space the printing, as hereinafter described. In thus traversing from left to right the block winds up a coiled spring M connected therewith by a cord or chain m. 'When this block reaches the end of its traverse, the arm n is released from the serew-shaft L and the block M and type-wheel are retracted to the other side of the frame to commence a new line. A ga ge-stop L on the left end of the screw-shaft regulates the point at which the line of print begins. A warning hell or alarm (not shown) indicates the approach of the type-wheel to the end of the line. Finger-levers m Fig. 4:, pivoted on the plate M and acting on the arm it, serve to detach the latter from the screwshaft to move the type-wheel to the right or left by hand for ordinary adjustment. Regu larly it is preferred to reset the type-wheel to begin a new line automatically. This I do as follows: At any momentwhen it is desired to reset the type-wheel the operator depresses a key E on the right-hand side of the keyboard. This closes a circuit through a magnet 0, actuating an armature-lever 0, rocking vertically and longitudinally on a pivot 0 at the back of the machine. The forward end of a link-rod O pivoted to the upper or free end of this armature-lever, is in turn pivoted to an elbow-lever O rocking on a pivot 0 on the main frame. The short arm 0 of this lever constitutes a dog, which acts on a .far for proper spacing.

crank-arm n on the rock-shaft N and rocks it, so as to release the screw-arm n from the screw-shaft L. A spring-pawl 71, rocking horizontally on a pivot on the slide-block M, inserts itself between this block and arm and holds the arm up. The spring M then retracts the block to the left untilthe gage-stop L abuts against the tail of the spring-pawl and withdraws it from under the screw-arm, the spring of which immediately causes it to re-engage with the screw-shaft, when the parts are ready to begin a new line. In rapid work the type-wheel might acquire an impetus which would .carry it too far for proper registry, or the screw-shaft might feed it too I obviate these difficulties and insure proper spacing by provid ing positive stop which controls the screwshaft and type-wheel accurately. This I do by mounting a cam-stop p on thescrew-shaft L, against which stop a detent p on the typewheel-carrying frame B abuts as the typewheel moves away from the paper afterprinting a character.

In order to prevent the type-wheel from striking too hard against the printing-roller,

a buffer is used, shown as consisting of a screw-rod R, passing through a bracket 0' on the main frame and through a lug r on a standard R on the type-wheel-carrying frame B a spring 4' being interposed between the bracket and lug. Arollerr on the arm traverses a guide-rail B on the frame. These parts are duplicated on each side of the frame. These rollers and guide-rails also support the rear end of the type-wl1eel-carrying frame, the front end of which is similarly guided and supported by rollers a a", embracing guiderails 13* on the main frame.

The paper is fed downward over an inclined table S, between a feed-roll S, and an impressing-roller or printing-cylinder S advanced step by step at the proper time to print a new line by means of a spring feedpawl s, pivoted on an arm 8, rocking on an axis concentric with the roller and pivoted to the link-rod which releases the screw-shaft L, when the type-wheel retracts to begin a new line.

The inking-ribbon 25, preferably used, is a narrow one held in proper position between the printing-roller and type-wheel by an arm or frame 25, forming an extension of the typewheel-hub controlling arm m. The ribbon is carried on reels T T, turning on vertical shafts on the main frame. The actuatingpawls t of their feed-ratchets t are so mounted on the type-wheel-carrying frame 13 as to traverse the ribbon slightly across the line of movement of the type-wheel at each reciprocation thereof. The pawls are provided with thumb-levers t for releasing them or reversing the traverse of the ribbon, and the reels may be provided with the usual hand winding devices, which, however, are not shown in the drawings.

I will now describe the electrical part of the apparatus and its circuit-connections, starting with the parts in their normal position shown in the drawings. 1

A switch U serves to connect or disconnect the battery, generator, or motor of theapparatus. I will first trace the solenoid-circuits. The current flows from the generator through a wire a to a binding-post V, as shown by the full feathered arrow, Fig. 14. Thence, as shown by the unfeathered full-line arrows, it flows through the wires 1: c to the contacts V of the key-levers E Thence it flows through the wire 1/ to the contact V automatically controlled by the shifter -bar g. From the eontactV the current flows through the wire c through the left-hand rearsolenoid D, thence by the wire 014 through the righthand rear solenoid D, thence through the wire '0 to the binding-post V thence through the wire a to the generator. The current always flows through this circuit as long as the machine continues in its normal conditionthat is, with the type-wheel carriage in its forward position. To throw this wheel forward to bring the proper letter into position and to lock the type-wheel preparatory to printing, the circuit is thrown through the front solenoids in the following manner by depressing one of the key-levers The course of the current is shown by the dotted unfeathered arrows in Fig. 14:. Beginning at the bindingpost V, it first branches from the wire b, above described, by a wire W, from which a branch 10 leads to a contact \V, controlled by the key-lever E Thence it passes by a wire 21; through the front lefthand solenoid D thence by a wire to to a contact W controlled like its corresponding contact V by the shifter-bar g. From the contact V wire w leads through the right-hand front solenoid D by a wire 10 to the main return-wire o and binding-post V, as the other branch of the current did.

I will now describe the circuits through the printing-magnets, the one through the front set being shown by the full-feathered arrows, while that through the rear set is shown by the corresponding dotted arrows. Beginning with the front set, a wire :0, branching from the binding-post V, passes through a contact X, wire :0 left-hand front printing-magnet I, the corresponding right-hand magnet I, and wire 00 to outgoing binding-post V An intermediate contact X is also interposed in this circuit, for a purpose hereinafter eX- ICC mence a new line and at the same time to feed the paper to commence a new line. A key-lever E on the right-hand side of the key-board when depressed closes a contact Z,

Fig. 14, the circuit through which is as follows: A wire .2, branching from the incoming binding-post V, passes through the contact Z, wire ,2, magnet 0, wire .2 and return-wire 1: t0 the outgoing binding-post V.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that the entire apparatus is actuated by electricity, thrown into operation either automatically or simply by depressing the keys.

The apparatus operates as follows, start ing from the normal position shown in the drawingsthat is, with the type-wheel-actuating carriage in its extreme rearward posi-- tion, with the type-wheel in its forward position and clear of the printing-roller, unlocked and free to turn, its actuating gear-wheel b engaging with the forward part of the rack c of the actuating-carriage (3, In this position the contact V is closed and the rear solenoids D D are consequently in circuit. The con tact X is also closed and the circuit flows through the front set of printing-magnets I I. If new a key-lever E be depressed, the circuit is thrown through the front solenoids D JP and draws forward the type-wheel-actuating frame 0, while the type-wheel carriage B is held stationary by abutting against suitable stops on the frame. Meanwhile the depression of the key-lever has thrown up its corresponding stop-arm F in its guideway F so that its lower step f rests on the upper rear edge thereof directly in the path of the notched stop-plate 0. As this plate moves forward with the type'wheel-actuating frame, one of its notches c corresponding with the stop which has been elevated, slides under the upperstep f of the stop-arm F and shoves it forward from the position shown 1n the dotted lines in Fig.8 to the position shown in Fig. 9, the stop-arm now abutting against the front side of its guideway F A bar (1, whichl term a contactbar, rests upon the top of the key-levers and is connected by radiusba-rs Q, with the axis e, on which the key-levers rock in such manner that the contactbar (1 while resting upon the key-levers is free to rise and fall therewith. Asa consequence of this organization, when a key is depressed and the rear end of its lever is thrown up it lifts the contact-bar q and a pendent arm (1 connected therewith. This opens the spring contact V, which this pendent arm normally holds closed, and thus breaks the circuit through the rear solenoids. At the same time a corresponding pendent arm gilikcwise c011- nected with this contact-bar. closes the spring contact l normally. held open, and thus throws the circuit through the front solenoids. As the stop-arm F is shoved forward by the stop-plate C it carries with it the shifterbar g, which in turn, through the swinging levers G and pivoted links G, throws forward the arms G carrying the crossbar 9 which actuates the dog 11' and interlocks it with the type-wheel. Previously to this being done, however, the type-wheel has revolved during the forward movement of its actuating-carriage to bring the lettercorresponding to that of the key depressed into proper position for printing and the dog looks it securely .in this position. This forward movement of the shifter-bar g actuatcs the links and levers G G G the, and simultaneously opens the contacts V W of both solenoidcircuits. This movement at the same time opens the contact X by allowing hook p" to drop over pin 12*, when spring p draws lever P back ward. This same forward movement of shifter-bar g and lever G" closes contact Y and sends current through the rear printing-magnets, which attracts the armature 2' on lever I, connected with type-wheel carriage B and with radius-bar J, by which the screw-shaft L is actuated. This attraction of the armature i also carries the type-wheel carriage with it and prints aletter. This backward movement of the type-wheel carriage at the moment the type-wheel strikes the paper opens the contact Y of the rear printing-magnets circuit and simultaneously closes the one X through the front printing-magnets by means of a pin as, acting on arm or", pendent from slide-bar (r thus drawing the type-wheel carriage forward and away from the paper, by which forward motion the pin an, acting on arm a, pendent from slide-bar :0 reverses the position of the contacts X and Y and puts them in their normal position -viz, Y closed and X open. Simultaneously with this movement the radius-bar J, through its link J and pawl 7.,turns the screw-shaft L. The cam Zon this shaft acts on the upper end of the three-armed lever P, rocking on pivot 19 and releases hook 2.13 on said lever from pin p on the arm G with which it is held in engagement by spring 1). As soon as lever P is released, as above described, the spring retracts the arm G thus releasing dog H from contact with the type-wheel. In its forward movement the arm G strikes against the downwardly-projecting arm 17 of the lever P and causes the hook 233 to positively engage with the pin 19' should the spring not act efficiently. This arm 2J5 also forces G backward in case the spring g does not act efficiently when pin 17 is released by action of cam Z against lever P and raising hook 233, thus positively disengaging dog H from contact with the type-wheel. This forward movement of lever P closes the contact X of the front printing-magnets circuit before the circuit is broken at X by the movement of type-wheel carriage B actuating slide-bar a by a pin :0 against the pend ent arm as above described, thus holding the type-wheel carriage forward in its normal position. lVhen the backward movement of lever G closes the contacts l W and V the circuit through the rear solenoids is closed in case no key is depressed, thus drawing the type-wheel-actuating frame 0 to the rear in its normal position; but if one or more keys are depressed, then the circuit through the front solenoids D D is closed, and the typewheel-actuatin g frame is drawn forward until stopped by a stop-arm F, when the operation of printing is repeated until the last stop-arm is down. \Vhen the type-wheel-actuating frame 0 is drawn forward by the action of the front solenoids D D" and strikes a stoparm F, it is locked with the type-wheel carriage B by means of the action of lever H and intervening mechanism, and both frames Cand B are drawn backward to print by the action of printing-magnets 1 F. As the typewheel-actuating frame 0 moves backward in the act of printing, carrying with it the stopplate 0, the latter releases the stop-arm previously held up by it and allows it to drop to its normal position. The backward movement of the arm G also carries the shifterbar 9 back to its normal position. Striking the same key in succession or holding it down would of course cause that character to be reprinted.

The angular or oblique arrangementof the stop-plate relatively to the line of stops enables me to save the time consumed in traversing the type-wheel-actuating carriage its full distance, and also enables me to to strike a number of keys simultaneouslysay, for instance, the word and. Then the stops corresponding with these characters are elevated, the stop-plate comes in contact with the first one, the type-wheel is locked, which also locks together the type-wheel carriage B and the type-wheel-actuating frame 0, the circuits are automatically completed through the rear printing-magnets, thus drawing both frames backward, which releases the stop corresponding with the first letter of the word. This backward movement closes the contacts of the front printingmagnets and breaks those of the rear printing-magnets at the momentof printing, which moves both frames forward. This forward movement closes the contacts through the front solenoids as soon as the type-wheel and frames are unlocked by the revolution of the screw-shaft L, and runs the type-wheel-act-uatin g frame forward again until it meets the n ext st p, without the necessity of its returning to its normal position after each letter printed. This operation is continued automatically as long as one or more stops remain elevated. hen the last stop drops, the parts resume their normal position -viz., the type wheel actuating frame to the rear, the type-wheel-carryin g frame to the front.

Under the organization shown the capitals alternate with their corresponding small letters on the type-wheel. Vhen working fullstroke, the type-wheel carriage prints small letters only. In order to print capitals,I provide a separate key E, marked upper-case, on the'left side of the key-board. This key carries a stop e, which stands normally out of the way of the type-wheel carriage B but which when the key is depressed abuts against said carriage and stops it'when it has made, say, one-half of its forward movement. This brings the capital letter on the type-wheel in proper position for printing. To retract the type-wheel to begin a new line and at the same time feed the paper forward, a key E on the right side of the key-board is depressed. This eloses the contact Z through the printing-magnet 0, drawing its armature 0 forward, and through the link-rod O and elbow-lever O depresses the dog 0 bearing on the crank-arm a and rocks it, thus rocking the screw-arm n and releasing it from the screw-shaft L, when the spring M? retracts the type-wheel to the proper position to begin a new line. The paper is simultaneously fed forward on the roller S by the pawl 3', connected with the link-rod O".

The type-wheel is formed with one or more spaces b between some of the types, and by corresponding keys the operator may advance the type-wheel across the page the desired number of spaces without printing, also to form space after a word by striking space-key simultaneously with last letter of a word.

Having thus described my improved electric type-writer, what I claim therein as new" and as of my own invention, is-

1. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a main frame, a typewheel carriage. traversing longitudinally guides therein, a type-wheel movable endwise on but turning with a shaft mounted 1n hearings in said carriage, a type-wheel-actuating frame traversing longitudinally guides 011 the carriage parallel therewith, racks on this actuatingframe engaging with gears on the type-wheel shaft, and electro-magnetic apparatus for reciprocating the actuatingframe and thereby turning the type-wheel.

2. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a main frame, a carriage traversing longitudinally guides therein, a type-wheel carried by a shaft mounted in said carriage a type-wheel-actuating frame traversing longitudinally guides on this carriage, racks on this frame engaging gears on the type-wheel shaft, a dog engaging the typewheel at suitable intervals to lock the carriage and actuating-frame together, and electromagnetic apparatus for reciprocating them when thus interlocked.

The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of amain frame, a carriage traversing longitudinally in guides therein, a type-wheel carried by a shaft mounted in said carriage, a type-wheel-actuating frame traversing longitudinally guides in this carriage and parallel therewith, rack on this frame engaging gears on the type-wheel shaft, a dog engaging the type-wheel at suitable intervals to lock the carriage and actuatingframe together, electromagnetic apparatus aaaavl for automatically unlocking them to allow the type-wheel to turn by the forward movement of the actuating-frame.

4. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth,of a main frame,a carriage traversing guides therein, a type-wheel carried by a shaft mounted in said carriage, a type-wheel-actuating frame slidinglongitudinally parallel with said carriage on guides therein, racks on this frame engaging gears on the type-Wheel shaft, solenoids mounted on the main frame, armature'cores therefor connected directly with the actuatingframe, a stop-plate also carried by this frame,a keylever, a stop thrown thereby across the path of the stop-plate, a locking-dog engaging with the type-wheel, and mechanism for releasing it.

5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a main frame, a carriage traversing longitudinally guides therein, a type-wheel mounted therein, an actuatingframe traversing longitudinally guides in said carriage, a stop-plate on this frame, a keylever, a stop thrown across the path of this stop-plate thereby, a dog engaging with the type-wheel, and mechanism to unlock the dog.

0. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth,of a main frame,a carriage traversing guides therein,atype-wheel mounted therein, an actuating-frame traversing guides therein, means for rotating the typewheel by the differential movements of its carriage and actuating-frame, a stop-plate on this frame, a key-lever, a stop thrown across the path of this stop-plate thereby, a lockingdog engaging with the typewheel, a shifterbar actuated by the stop, link connections between this bar and the locking-dog, a springlatch or locking-lever which holds the dog in position, and the cam which releases the latch at the proper moment.

7. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a main frame, a carriage traversing; therein, a type-wheel mounted in the carriage, an actuating-frame traversing guides in the carriage, gearing for rotating the type-wheel by the differential movement of this carriage and frame, a locking-dog engaging with the type wheel, a spring-latch which holds this dog in its locked position,a releasing-cam actuating the spring-latch, and an arm on said latch positively actuated by the mechanism which locks the dog to insure the fastening of the spring-latch.

8. The combination, substantially as here-.

inbefore set forth, of a main frame, a carriage traversing guides therein,a type-Wheel mon 11 ted therein, an actuating-frame traversing guides therein, a stop-plate carried by this frame oblique to its line of movement, a se ries of key-levers, a series of stops arranged transversely across the machine in the same ive key-lever, and means for reciprocating the stop-platc and for varying its range of movement according to the stop interposed.

f). The con'ibination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a reciprocating carriage, a type-wheel mounted therein, an actuatingframe traversing said carriage, a stop-plate 011 this frame oblique to its line of movement, a series of key-levers, stops traversable thereby athwart the line of movement of the stop-plate, a shifter-bar actuated by the stops, link connections actuated by this bar, a locking-dog actuated thereby, and electro-magnetic devices, also actuated by said link connections,regulating the movement of thetypewheel carriage and actuating-frame.

10. The combination,substantially as here inbefore set forth, of a reciprocating typewheel carriage or actuating frame, a stopplate carried thereby, a series of key-levers, stops traversed thereby athwart the line of movement of the stopplate, electro-magnetic devices for reciprocating said actuatingframe, and circuit-controlling devices actuated by the key-levers controlling said mechanism.

11. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a guideway, stops movable therein, a notch or step on each stop, a spring tending to engage the notch with the guideway when the stop is elevated, a stopplate which releases the step from engagement with the guideway, and a type-wheel r0- tated by the stop-plate.

12. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel movable laterally on its shaft, a feed-screw shaft, a slide-block thereon movable with the typewheel, a rock-shaft, a screw-arm thereon interlocking with the slide-block and screwshaft, a crank-arm on the rock-shaft, a dog acting thereon to release the screw-arm, electro-magnetic devices controllinglink connections actuating the dog, and a spring to re tract the type-Wheel when released from the screw-shaft.

The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel, its reciprocating carriage, its separate reciprocating actuating-frame, type-wheel-locking mechanismcarried by an independent frame, and means for actuating the locking mechanism from the actuating-frame.

14. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a reciprocating stopplate, stops traversing its path, a shifter-bar actuated by the pressure of the stop-plate on the steps, a type-wheel, a dog interlocking therewith, and link connections between said shifter-bar and dog.

15. .The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel, its carriage, its actuating-frame, a stop-plate carried thereby, yielding spring-stops intercepting the path of the stop-plate, a shifter-bar actuated by the stop-plate and stops, a dog interlocking with the type-wheel, link connections between the shifter-bar and dog to lock the type-wheel, and means for automatica ly releasing said, dog.

16. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel, a feedscrew shaft, mechanism connecting the wheel and shaft to feed the latter laterally, a laterally-moving locking-dog, link connections actuating it, and a cam on the feed-screw shaft to elease the dog 17. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel, a rocking locking-dog engaging therewith, a vibrating arm actuating said dog, a pin or stop carried by the arm, a spring-actuated notched locking-lever engaging therewith to hold thedog in the proper position, and a cam on the feedscrew shaft to release the dog.

18. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, of a reciprocating typewheel carriage, a type-wheel mounted therein, a feed-screw shaft. for moving the type-wheel laterally, connections between the type-wheel and screw-shaft, a stop on the latter, and a detent on the carriage abutting against the stop to lock the type-wheel positively at the proper moment.

19. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a main frame, a carriage reciprocating in guides therein,a type-wheel in this carriage, a type-wheel-actuating frame reciprocating in guides on the carriage, gearing connecting the carriage and frame, means for reciprocating the actuating frame and thereby rotating the type-wheel, separate means for actuating the carriage, and means for locking the type-wheel and actuatingframe so as to print a letter by actuating the type-wheel carriage.

20. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel, its carriage, its actuating-frame,a feed-screw shaft, connections between it and the type-wheel, ratchet-gearing for rotating said shaft intermittently, and links connecting such gearing and carriage so as to feed thetype-wheel laterally after each reciprocation of the typewheel.

21. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel having "capital and smallletters arranged alternately on its periphery, a reciprocating type-wheel carriage, a key-lever, and a stop connected therewith to limit the range of movement of the type wheel when capitals are to be printed.

22. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel, its carriage, a feed-screw shaft, a ratchet-feed and link connections between the feed-screw shaft and carriage, a rock-shaft, a laterally-sliding frame connecting the type-wheel, screw-shaft, and rock-shaft, a pivoted spring-arm carried by the rock-shaft and carrying ascrew engaging with the screw-shaft, a crank-arm on the rock-shaft, a dog acting thereon, and link connections for rocking the shaft to release the actuating-arm from the screw-shaft when the type-wheel is to be retracted to commence a new line.

The combination, substantially as hereiubefore set forth, of a type-wheel, its car riagc, a feed-screw shaft, a ratchet-feed and link connections between said screw-shaft and carriage, a rock-shaft, a laterally-slidin frame connecting the type-wheel, screw-shaft, and rock-shaft, a pivoted spring-arm carried by the roclcshaft and carrying a screw engaging with the screw-shaft, a crank-arm on the rockshaft, an impression-cyliuder, its paper-feeding pawl, andlink connections for simultaneously actuating the pawl and turning the rockshaft so as simultaneously to release the actuating-arm from the screw-shaft when the type-Wheel is to be retracted and simultaneously to feed the paper by actuating the pawl.

2a. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel, its reciprocating carriage, a type wheelactuating frame, mechanism carried thereby for feeding the type-wheel laterally therein, a generator of electric currents, circuit-connections, key-levers controlling them to reciprocate the type-wheel-actuating frame, a stop-plate on said frame, and stops actuated by the keylevers which control other circuit-connections, and mechanism actuated by said circuit-connections which prints a character and actuates the type-wheel-feeding mechanism.

25. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel, its reciprocating carriage, a reciprocating type-wheelaetuating frame, gearing for reciprocating the type-wheel from the actuating-frame, asource of electric energy, mechanism actuated therefrom to reciprocate the actuating-frame, and automatic circuit-shifting devices operated by the actuating-frame to reverse its movements at the proper time. i

26. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a main frame, a typewheel, its carriage reciprocating in guides in the main frame, a type-wheel-actuating frame reciprocating in guides on the carriage, solenoids arranged end to end in pairs on opposite sides of the main frame, (the solenoids of each pair being oppositely Wound,) their armature-cores c nnected directly with the actuating-frame, and circuit-connections by which the current is alternately shifted from one set of solenoids to the other to rotate the typewheel.

27. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type-wheel, its carriage reciprocating in guides on the main-frame, a vibrating armature connected directly with this carriage, electro-magnets on opposite sides of said armature, and circuit-connections automatically controlled by the reciprocation of the frame alternately to shift the current through the magnets to print a character and to retract the type-wheel from the impression-cylinder.

28. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a main frame, a type- Wheel, its carriage, a type-wheel-actuating frame reciprocating in guides therein, solenoids arranged end to end in pairs on the main frame, (the solenoids of each pair being; oppositely Wound,) their armature-cores connected with the actuating-frame, key-levers, a contact-bar or rocking frame resting thereon, and circuit-controlling devices carried by the contact-bar so as to shift the current from one set of solenoids to the other on the depression of a key;

29. The combination, substantiallyas hereinbefore set forth, of a type-Wheel, its reciprocating carriage, electro-magnetic devices actuating the latter, a reciprocating type- 

